Relationship between malocclusion, soft tissue profile, and pharyngeal airways: A cephalometric study (2025)

The Effects of Maxillary Protrusion on Pharyngeal Airway Dimensions

The relationship between position of the maxillary structures caused by maxillary protraction therapy and airway dimensions has not been investigated as comprehensively as the skeletal changes. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of treatment with a maxillary protraction appliance on upper airway dimensions.

Malocclusion and Changes in Orofacial Motricity in Children Patients

Modern Approaches in Dentistry and Oral Health Care, 2018

Modern Approaches in Dentistry and Oral Health Care Research Article periodontal disease. Furthermore, according to the National Research in oral health, SB Brazil 2010, nearly 25% of the children by age 5 had one type of malocclusion, also the numbers keep increasing among older children. Thus, malocclusion represents a serious public health problem due to its high prevalence and negative impacts on the quality of life of those individuals who are affected with it [3]. Orofacial Motricity (OM) is related to the functional and structural aspects of the orofacial and cervical regions, including the functions of the stomatognathic system, such as suction, swallowing, chewing, breathing and articulation [4]. Due to the anatomical complexity of these muscular structures and because they are

The effects of Face mask and Tongue Appliance on Maxillary Deficiency in growing patients: A randomized clinical trial

Progress in Orthodontics, 2012

use, including for instruction at the author's institution and sharing with colleagues.

The effect of mouth breathing versus nasal breathing on dentofacial and craniofacial development in orthodontic patients

The Laryngoscope, 2010

Objectives/Hypothesis: To determine the effect of mouth breathing during childhood on craniofacial and dentofacial development compared to nasal breathing in malocclusion patients treated in the orthodontic clinic. Study Design: Retrospective study in a tertiary medical center. Methods: Clinical variables and cephalometric parameters of 116 pediatric patients who had undergone orthodontic treatment were reviewed. The study group included 55 pediatric patients who suffered from symptoms and signs of nasal obstruction, and the control group included 61 patients who were normal nasal breathers. Results: Mouth breathers demonstrated considerable backward and downward rotation of the mandible, increased overjet, increase in the mandible plane angle, a higher palatal plane, and narrowing of both upper and lower arches at the level of canines and first molars compared to the nasal breathers group. The prevalence of a posterior cross bite was significantly more frequent in the mouth breathers group (49%) than nose breathers (26%), (P ¼ .006). Abnormal lip-to-tongue anterior oral seal was significantly more frequent in the mouth breathers group (56%) than in the nose breathers group (30%) (P ¼ .05). Conclusions: Naso-respiratory obstruction with mouth breathing during critical growth periods in children has a higher tendency for clockwise rotation of the growing mandible, with a disproportionate increase in anterior lower vertical face height and decreased posterior facial height.

Pharyngeal dimensional changes in class II malocclusion treatment when using Forsus® or intermaxillary elastics–An exploratory study

International Orthodontics, 2019

Objective > Pharyngeal airway obstruction can facilitate some forms of sleep disorder breathing (SDB) in susceptible children, especially in those having class II malocclusion. Changes in the anatomic areas surrounding the pharyngeal region during orthodontic treatment could hypothetically impact the pharyngeal airway dimensions. Management of a class II malocclusion on a growing individual with either intermaxillary elastics or different removable or fixed class II appliance designs have been proposed over the last century. The objective of this retrospective exploratory cohort study is to investigate to what extent the class II malocclusion treatment with either intermaxillary elastics (IME) or Forsus ® fatigue resistance device (FFRD) leads to changes in oropharyngeal airway dimensions. Materials and methods > Twenty-nine patients diagnosed as class II with an average age of 12.7 years were included in this study, (11 males, 18 females). The sample was divided into group 1: IME and group 2: FFRD. CBCT's scans before (T1) and after treatment (T2) were obtained and analysed using Dolphin software. Reliability was obtained using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Descriptive statistics, ANOVA and paired t-test were used for analysis. Results > Intra-rater reliability test was excellent in all measurements for both groups. There were no statistically significant differences in pharyngeal airway dimensions between both groups (P = 0.919). A statistically significant correlation was found for sex, where male patients had the highest increase in oro-space area (ORS), and in oropharyngeal volume. Children under 14-yearold in IME group showed statistically negative correlation for sub-mandibular (SM) and for ORS, meaning the younger the greatest increase. Additionally, individuals younger than 14 years had a statistically significant increase in the vertical dimension. Conclusions > Both orthodontic treatment approaches appear to be associated with a similar increase in oropharyngeal airway dimensions. Male patients under 14-year-old had a greater significant increase compared to female patients and older children. Normal pharyngeal dimensions changes were not accounted for.

IJIERT-INFLUENCE OF CHILDRENS QUALITY OF LIFE ON THE FORMATION OF THE UPPER JAW IN CHILDREN WITH RESPIRATORY SYSTEM PATHOLOGIES

Novateur Publications, 2020

The attractiveness of the face plays a huge role in the social life of people, being a significant psychosocial factor. The face largely determines its attractiveness and is the main means of identification and nonverbal communication. According to the results of the study[12], 63 % of patients believe that their problems with appearance had a negative impact on their personal life, and 44%-on their FW (Shurbeleva 2003) [4]. Very often, it is the desire to improve the aesthetics of teeth and face that is the main reason for contacting an orthodontist [10,15].

Dentofacial characteristics of patients with hypodontia

Clinical Oral Investigations, 2009

Dentofacial characteristics of patients with Angle Class I and Class II malocclusions original article Objective: The present study assessed some cephalometric measurements of the soft tissue profile in order to observe the behavior of facial convexity in patients with Class I, Class II division 1, and Class II division 2 malocclusions. Methods: One hundred and thirty pre-treatment teleradiographs of Caucasian patients aged 10-16 years (mean age of 12.6 years) were selected for study and divided into 3 groups. The cephalometric measurements used in the present study were the following: H.SN, Cx, NLA, MLA, UL-SUL-S, LL-S, IMPA, and 1-SN. Analysis of variance and Tukey's test were applied for measurements H.SN, Cx, IMPA, 1-SN, MLA, and NLA, whereas Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests were applied for UL-S and LL-S. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences for the measurements H.SN, Cx, UL-S, and IMPA between Groups I, II-1 and II-2 (p < 0.05). Measurements LL-S and MLA showed statistically significant difference between Groups I and II-1 only (p < 0.05). On the other hand, no statistically significant differences were found for measurement NLA among the 3 groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Regarding facial characteristics expressed by measurements H.SN, Cx, and UL-S, one could conclude that Class II division 1 and Class II division 2 malocclusions, both differed from Class I malocclusion. In addition, Class II division 1 malocclusion was found to have facial characteristics expressed by MLA, which differentiate it from the Class II division 2 and Class 1 malocclusions. Class I, Class II division 1 and Class II division 2 malocclusions showed no difference in facial characteristics expressed by the measurement NLA, and measurement LL-S was directly related to eversion of the lower lip.

Influence of tonsillar grade on the dental arch measurements

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2015

The role of the palatine tonsils in the development of dental intra-arch and interarch abnormalities is often brought up in the literature, but it remains controversial. Data on the probable relationship between enlarged tonsils and the occurrence of orthodontic abnormalities are subjective. The purpose of this study was to seek an association between the space occupied by the palatine tonsils and the dental arch measurements. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on a group of children subdivided into 5 groups according to the standardized tonsillar hypertrophy grading scale. Dental arch measurements were recorded for each child. Data were analyzed with software. Comparisons of qualitative variables according to tonsillar grade were made using the chi-square test. The strength of the association between tonsillar grade and qualitative variables was evaluated with a phi coefficient (4). The strength of the association between tonsillar grade and quantitative variables was assessed by the Spearman' rank correlation coefficient (rho). The significance threshold was set at P 5 0.05. Results: The maxillary dental arch depth was significantly and positively correlated to grade. The maxillary intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths were significantly and negatively correlated to grade. Grade 4 was strongly associated with molar Class II malocclusions, and posterior crossbite with functional lateral deviation of the mandible. Conclusions: Early evaluation of the size of the palatine tonsils would help to prevent orthodontic abnormalities caused by upper airway obstruction. Thus, patients could be spared late, more aggressive treatments that are less efficient than treatments during childhood.

Evaluation of Pharyngeal Space in Different Combinations of Class II Skeletal Malocclusion

Acta Informatica Medica, 2015

The study was aimed to evaluate the pharyngeal airway linear measurements of untreated skeletal class II subjects with normal facial vertical pattern in prognathic maxilla with orthognathic mandible and orthognathic maxilla with retrognathic mandible. Materials and method: the sample comprised of lateral Cephalograms of two groups (30 each) of class II malocclusion variants. Group 1 comprised of class II malocclusion with prognathic maxilla and orthognathic mandible, whereas group 2 comprised of class II malocclusion with orthognathic maxilla and retrognathic mandible. Each group was traced for the linear measurements of the pharyngeal airway like the oropharynx, nasopharynx and soft palate. The obtained data was subjected to independent t test and the Mann Whitney test to check the difference between the two groups and within the groups respectively. Results: there was significant difference between all the linear measurements at the soft palate region and the distance between the tip of soft palate to its counter point on the pharyngeal wall in oropharynx region (p-ppm). Conclusion: the pharyngeal airway for class II malocclusion with various combination in an average growth pattern adult showed significant difference. The present results suggested, that the pharyngeal airway space might be the etiological factor for different sagittal growth pattern of the jaws and probable usage of different growth modification appliance can influence the pharyngeal airway.

An Interdisciplinary Study of Orthodontic, Orthopedic, and Otorhinolaryngological Findings in 12–14-Year-Old Preorthodontic Children

Medicina, 2013

Background and Objective. Malocclusion, the body posture, and the breathing pat- tern may correlate, but this issue is still controversial. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the type of malocclusion, the body posture, and the nasopharyngeal obstruction in 12-14-year-old children. Material and Methods. The study group consisted of 76 orthodontic patients (35 boys, 41 girls) aged 12-14 years (mean age, 12.79 years {SD, 0.98J). All the patients were examined by the same orthodontist (study model and cephalometric radiograph analysis), the same orthopedic surgeon (body posture examined from the front, the side, and the back), and the same otorhinolaryngologist (anterior and posterior rhinoscopy and pharyngoscopy) in a blind manner. Results. The prevalence of a poor body posture and a nasopharyngeal pathology was high in the present study. In total, 48.7% of the orthodontic patients had a kyphotic posture and 55.3% a rib hump in the thoracic region. The nasopha...